Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.

Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the train is organized.

You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.

In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.

The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He velieved this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not conncts as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.

Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.

Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children’S Hospital Medical Centre in Boston. Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.

第41題 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？____________.

A Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the train

B learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the train

C Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of the train cells.

D Leaning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.

Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.

You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.

In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.

The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Gesehwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.

Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.

Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？______

A．Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.

B．Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.

C．Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of the brain cells.

D．Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.

Doctor Dully believed that______.

A．he found the exact cause of learning disabilities

B．the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain

C．the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain

D．the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain

Doctor Duffy believed that ______.

A．he found the exact cause of learning disabilities

B．the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain

C．the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain

D．the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain

Dr. Dully believed that ______.

A．he found the exact cause of learning disabilities

B．the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain

C．problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain

D．the problem of learning disabilities didn' t lie in the left side of the brain

Doctor Duffy believed that______.

A．he found the exact cause of learning disabilities

B．the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain

C．the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain

D．the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain

Doctor Duffy believed that ______________________.

A he found that exact cause of learning disabilities

B the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain

C the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain

D the problem of learning disabilities was not limitied to the left side of the brain

Learning disabilities are very common. They 【21】______ perhaps 10 percent of all children. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are 【22】______ by many different things. There is no longer any 【23】______ that all learning disabilities 【24】______ differences in the way the brain is organized.

Since there is no 【25】______ sign of the disorder, some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.

In one study, researchers 【26】______ the brain of a learning-disabled person. They found two unusual things. One 【27】______ cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells 【28】______ are white, in the learning disabled person, 【29】______ , these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the 【30】______ they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.

The study was carded out 【31】______ the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind 【32】______ that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain, and this part of brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect 【33】______ they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were 【34】______ .

Other researchers did not examine brain 【35】______ Instead, they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical 【36】______ . Frank Duffy experimented with this 【37】______ and found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared 【38】______ the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is 【39】______ that reading disabilities involve 【40】______ to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.

【21】

A．influence

B．effect

C．affect

D．shape

People with disabilities, even before they are victimized, have such problems as

A．a lack of basic social services.

B．impoverishment.

C．institutionalization.

D．barriers to equal rights.