In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they're nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain's neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
A.a(chǎn)re capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B.a(chǎn)re close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C.a(chǎn)re not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D.still cannot communicate with people in a human language
第1題
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain' s neural (神經(jīng)) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but is still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors," he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow A1 rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today______.
A.a(chǎn)re capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B.a(chǎn)re close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C.a(chǎn)re not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D.still cannot communicate with people in a human language
第2題
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which naturally came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain's neural (神經(jīng)的) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors" , he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the patternrecognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today
A.a(chǎn)re capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object.
B.a(chǎn)re close to exhibiting humanlike behavior.
C.a(chǎn)re not very different in their performance from those of the 50's.
D.still cannot communicate with people in a human language.
第3題
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in Al, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The re- suits of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the fore- front of the field.
Imitating the brain's neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains,
"but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pat- tern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it pr. yes true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow Al rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
A.a(chǎn)re capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B.a(chǎn)re close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C.a(chǎn)re not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D.still cannot communicate with people in a human language
第4題
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that Al has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain's neural (神經(jīng)的) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains, "but it's not simply a clever net work of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort o{ molecular skills.
Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
A.a(chǎn)re capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B.a(chǎn)re close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C.a(chǎn)re not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D.still cannot communicate with people in a human language
第5題
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step pro grams. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar , and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain' s neural (神經(jīng)的) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors," he explains. "But it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lost of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. "Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow Al rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
A.a(chǎn)re capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B.a(chǎn)re close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C.a(chǎn)re not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D.still cannot communicate with people in a human language
第6題
A growing group of Al researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels -of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs, Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based: AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain's neural (神經(jīng)的)network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that makeup each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow A1 rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
A.a(chǎn)re capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B.a(chǎn)re close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C.a(chǎn)re not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D.still cannot communicate with people in a human language
第8題
The evolution of artificial intelligence is now proceeding so rapidly that__26__the middle ofthis century cheap computers__27__larger than portable typewriters will__28__that will he able tosolve almost any__29__ faster and more efficiently than we can."Intelligence" in a machine,__30__in a human, is best__31__as the ability to solve complex problems swiftly.This__32__involve medical analysis and prescriptions,__33__legal matters--__34__short, replacing the profes-sion of lawyers completely or in __35__war games: in other words,__36__governments whether__37__not to go to war.__38__computers have already intensified the deadlines of weapons, theprospect is that they will__39__the more beneficial role of preventing wars.__40__asked to esti-mate the chances of victory, the computer will analyze facts__41__from the lifelong military expert with his optimistic sense and military enthusiasm.
When the same figures are fed into the emotionless machine each to be weighed with__42__objective and then judged__43__each other, the__44__, far more often than"__45__"in humandecision making, will be:" You start this war you will lose."
第26題__________ 查看材料
A.at
B.by
C.in
D.on
第9題
A.the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objects.
B.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs.
C.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child.
D.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells.
第10題
A.the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objects
B.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs
C.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child
D.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells
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