聽力原文： Combating Underage Drinking

More young people drink alcohol than use other drugs or smoke tobacco, and underage drinking costs the nation an estimated $53 billion annually in losses stemming from traffic fatalities, violent crime, and other behaviors that threaten the well-being of America's youth. Curbing underage drinking is an uphill battle because alcohol is legal and readily available to adults. To tackle the problem, a new report from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies offers a comprehensive strategy that requires a deep, shared commitment from many institutions and individuals, including alcohol manufacturers and retail businesses, the entertainment industry, and parents and other adults in local communities.

"All segments of U.S. society should address underage drinking in a serious, coordinated, and sustained manner," said Richard J. Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and chair of the committee that wrote the report. "We have to find effective ways to protect our nation's youth while we respect the interests of responsible adult consumers of alcohol. The recommendations in this report attempt to strike the right balance." The congressionally man dated study lays out a strategy that includes heightened adult supervision of children's behavior. and calls upon the alcohol and entertainment industries to take stronger steps to shield young people from unsuitable messages about alcohol consumption. Taken as a whole, the plan would have a considerable impact, the committee said, adding that the strategy should be subject to ongoing refinement.

Most adults express concern about underage drinking and voice support for public policies to curb it. Yet surveys show that youth often obtain alcohol from adults. Studies also show that many parents underestimate both the extent of the problem and their own children's alcohol consumption habits.

States and localities should use a wide range of educational and enforcement measures to boost compliance with laws that prohibit selling or providing alcohol to children, adolescents, and young adults under the legal drinking age of 21. The aim is to deter adults and youths alike, the report says. Among the recommended measures, steps are increasing the frequency of compliance checks, in which authorities monitor whether businesses are obeying minimum-drinking age laws and levy fines when necessary, and requiring all sellers and servers of alcohol to complete state-approved training as a condition of employment. Likewise, the federal government should require states to achieve specified rates of retailer compliance with youth-access laws as a condition of receiving federal funds. And states should enhance efforts to prevent and detect the use of false identification by minors who want to purchase alcohol—for example, by issuing drivers' licenses and state ID cards that can be electronically scanned.

In addition, states that allow Internet sales and home delivery of alcohol should adopt regulations that require customers to sign statements verifying their identity and age at the time of delivery. At the local level, police, working with community leaders, should create policies for detecting and shutting down underage drinking parties, the report says. Likewise, the federal government should fund and actively support the development of a national media campaign to encourage parents and other adults to take steps in their own households and neighborhoods to discourage underage drinking. Officials should carefully craft this activity to make sure that it would reach a diverse audience, the report says.

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聽力原文： Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops. And even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. Many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.

Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.

At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it. But one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea lasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.

(30)

A．Because they liked to cat tea leaves.

B．Because they were curious about the taste of tea leaves,

C．Because they did not know how to do with tea.

D．Because they wanted to make sandwiches with tea.

聽力原文：M: Did you talk with our new manager? He is looking for you these days. I think he has something important.

W: I have been out of town for 2 days. And until this morning I come back.

Q: What does the woman mean?

(17)

A．She has been at home.

B．The new manager was not in the office.

C．She hasn't talked with the new manager yet.

D．She didn't want to talk with the new manager.

聽力原文：At elite universities, the percentage of women earning doctorates in science and engineering is considerably higher than the percentage of women professors, which means that a lot of talented women Ph.D.s leave campus for jobs in government or industry instead of climbing the faculty ladder. Even though the University of Princeton is generally welcoming to female scientists, many female doctorates sense that their reception in the larger academic world might be chillier.

What conclusion can you make about the elite universities in the US?

A．Prospects for female faculty in these institutions are dim.

B．Some less talented female doctorates feel their prospects as staff in these institutions are dim.

C．None of these institutions like female doctorates to join them.

D．Female doctorates will be the lowest in status in these institutions.

聽力原文： While radio broadcasting was still in its early stage the wonder of television was already being developed. The person responsible for developing it was John Baird. In 1926 he gave the first demonstration of a television picture.

As a home entertainment, television rapidly became more popular than any other form. A news broadcast became more immediate when people could actually see the scene in question and the movements of the figures. Films could also be available. One of the advantages of travel programs was the glimpse of far-away places which many viewers would not otherwise have seen. Though much of the entertainment was of a popular kind like quiz competitions, some remarkable cultural programs were also broadcast. Just as with radio in earlier days, a group of actors and actresses became familiar in every household. One of the most popular programs on television was sport and an interesting result of the television broadcast was the increased attendance at the actual events. How far this was due to a growth in interest in the-game and how far out of the peoples desire to appeal on the screen is not clear.

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A．He was the first person to appear on television.

B．It was he who discovered the wonder of television.

C．He made the very first step towards the invention of television.

D．He developed the television and was the first person to demonstrate it.

聽力原文： According to recent surveys, a large number of Americans favor increasing the present 55-mile-an-hour speed limit. The current speed limit was set in the early 1970's when the US faced its first crucial oil shortage. Sixty-five percent of the persons surveyed said that the law was out of date.

The debate is particularly important for those who live in the western states. Many of the large cities in the western part of the country are separated by thirty or forty hours of long, empty, straight roads. People from this area argue that the examples of countries like Australia and Germany should demonstrate that higher speeds are still safe and that speed is disproportionately blamed for traffic problems.

Most professional truck drivers favor a higher speed limit. They argue that they can get their goods to the marketplace faster if the speed limit is higher, and that is good for the economy. Since the successful implementation of the turbo-charged engine in modern trucks, it is quite possible for trucks to reach speeds twice the legal limit which they are currently allowed to travel. In the end, economic issues may help make the final decision.

Section C News Broadcasting

Why was the speed limit first reduced to 55 miles-per-hour?

A．The older people wanted it.

B．The voters decided on it.

C．It was decided that speeds above that were not safe.

D．The US had a fuel crisis.

聽力原文： According to recent surveys, a large number of Americans favor increasing the present 55-mile-an-hour speed limit. The current speed limit was set in the early 1970's when the US faced its first crucial oil shortage. Sixty-five percent of the persons surveyed said that the law was out of date.

The debate is particularly important for those who live in the western states. Many of the large cities in the western part of the country are separated by thirty or forty hours of long, empty, straight roads. People from this area argue that the examples of countries like Australia and Germany should demonstrate that higher speeds are still safe and that speed is disproportionately blamed for traffic problems.

Most professional truck drivers favor a higher speed limit. They argue that they can get their goods to the marketplace faster if the speed limit is higher, and that is good for the economy. Since the successful implementation of the turbo-charged engine in modern trucks, it is quite possible for trucks to reach speeds twice the legal limit which they are currently allowed to travel. In the end, economic issues may help make the final decision.

Why was the speed limit first reduced to 55 miles-per-hour?

A．The older people wanted it.

B．The voters decided on it.

C．It was decided that speeds above that were not safe.

D．The US had a fuel crisis.

聽力原文：W: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this tile case worldwide?

M: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries. However, by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten.New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world with an extra of 2 million.

W: And London?

M: London, which was number two, won't even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950 was about 10 million.

W: Why is this happening? Why are people moving to tile big cities from the country in developing countries?

M: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for jobs. And the problems this creates are enormous. Just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.

W: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?

M: In some cases, yes. Calutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million, four times in its size in just 50 years.

W: What about Japan?

M: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950; at the beginning of the next century, its population will increase by 18 million, three times of the year 1950.Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.

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A．People in developing countries.

B．People living in poor conditions.

C．People in the 1950s.

D．People in New York.

聽力原文：According to the text, how does a camel look?

According to the text, how does a camel look?

A camel looks ______.

聽力原文：M: I'm going to the museum Sunday afternoon. There is a new exhibition of art from France and England. Do you want to go with me?

W: I'd like to. But my best friend is getting married in the Pacific Hotel and I wouldn't miss it for anything.

Q: What is the woman going to do this Sunday afternoon?

(8)

A．She is going to an exhibition abroad.

B．She is going to a wedding ceremony.

C．She is going on a voyage over the Pacific.

D．She is going to an art museum.