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Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that

Passage 1

Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.

It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”

Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.

He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).

In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over thewarm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass — drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.

After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.

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更多“Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that”相關的問題

第1題

中國和歐洲是兩大戰略力適量,肩負推動全球經濟發展、促進人類文明進步、維護世界和平的崇高使命,雙

方正在形成不斷放大的戰略交集。中國是最大的新興市場國家,歐盟是最大的發達經濟體,“最大”與“最大”交融、 一切都有可能,“新興”與“發達”攜手、優勢就會倍增,中歐在新興和發達經濟體合作中可以成為典范。

中國和歐洲分處歐亞大陸的兩端,這塊大陸是世界上面積最大的大陸,也是人口最多的大陸,市場空間廣闊,發展機遇巨大。中歐都主張國際關系民主化,在許多國際重大事務上有共同利益?雙方關系具有越來越重要的全球影響。中歐都有偉大的文明,中國推崇“和而不同”,歐盟倡導“多元一體”,13億多中國人與7億多歐洲人命運相連、前途相關,中歐在不同文明包容互鑒中可以成為引領。

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第2題

Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, occasionally referred to as “

the wand of narcissism,” tourists can now reach for flattering selfies wherever they go.

Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their slicks with abandon. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries (adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, backpacks and tripods), yet another example of how controlling crowding has become part of the museum mission.

The Mirshhom Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it will forbid selfie slicks, too. New signs will be posted soon.

“From now on ,you will be asked quietly to put it away,” said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “It’s one thing to take a picture at arm’s length, but when it is three times arm’s length, you are invading someone else’s personal space.”

The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. “We do not want to have to put all the art under glass,” said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks, but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors.

Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. “If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture,” Mr. Sreenivasan said. “We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on.”

At the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Thursday, Jasmine Adaos, a selfie-stick user from Chile, expressed dismay. “It’s just another product,” she said. “When you have a regular camera, it’s the same thing. I don’t see the problem if you’re careful.” But Hai Lin student from Shandong, China, conceded that the museum might have a point. “You can hit people when they’re passing by,” she said.

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第3題

Passage 1人口問題歸根結底是發展問題。人口的急劇增長,社會經濟的迅速發展,給資源和環境帶來了空

Passage 1

人口問題歸根結底是發展問題。人口的急劇增長,社會經濟的迅速發展,給資源和環境帶來了空前壓力。我們要關注人口增長與經濟社會發展的關系,統籌解決好人口數量、素質、結構和分布問題。

人口流動和家庭結構變化將對公共服務和社會治理帶來挑戰。大規模的人口流動成為推動社會變遷的主要力量,同時也加快了家庭的小型化、多樣化、離散化。

我們要大力推進流動人口基本公共服務均等化,著力提升流動人口服務管理水平,確保流動人口公平公正地享受城鎮公共資源和社會福利,全面參與政治、經濟、社會和文化生活,實現經濟立足、社會接納、身份認同和文化交融。

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第4題

人類正處于極端天氣的適應期,炎熱的酷暑、狂暴的颶風、刺骨的嚴寒以及滔天的洪水近乎成了“常客”。風

調雨順已被視為“奢侈品”。氣象學家對此眾說紛紜,莫衷一是。有的說是全球變暖所致,有的說是大氣環流異常,還有的認為厄爾尼諾是罪魁禍首。

盡管如此,大多數學者都認同這樣一個觀點:全球氣候變化速度正在加劇,極端災害天氣今后無疑將更加頻繁,并且其強度和范圍都將走強。面對日益脆弱的全球氣候,人類需要更認真地思考,如何切實有效地規范自身活動,珍愛我們共同的家園。

未來極端事件將對與氣候有密切相關的行業,如水利、農業、林業、能源、健康和旅游業等有更大影響。在世界經濟發展不穩定性、不確定性上升的當下,上述因素為全球經濟復蘇帶來更多變數。

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第5題

2000年,中國建成北斗導航試驗系統,這使中國成為繼美、俄之后世界上第三個擁有自主衛星導航系統的

國家。

雖然目前它的定位精度與GPS還有一定的差距,但它具備了GPS所沒有的短報通信和位置報告的功能。在沒有手機信號的地方,用戶也可以通過該系統發送短信。

2008年四川汶川大地震后,災區電話無法接通,手機信號中斷。救援人員將北斗導航終端帶入災區,及時保持了與外界的通訊聯絡。

該系統的位置報吿功能可以幫助交通管理部門掌握行駛車輛的位置,及時疏導交通,緩解交通擁堵狀況。

雖然北斗衛組導航系統時中國獨立發展、自主運行的衛星導航系統,但這并不影響它與世界上其他衛星導航系統之間的兼容性。用戶在同時使用北斗和GPS這兩種導航系統時,定位和導航效果會更好。

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第6題

It sounds so promising. A network of dedicated cycle routes runs through a city, with ai

r pumps to fix flat tires, footrests to lean on while taking breaks and trash cans that are specially angled, so you can throw in empty water bottles without stopping.

Best of all, you can cycle on those routes for long distances without having to make way for cars and trucks at junctions and traffic lights, according to the official description of the Cycle Super Highways, which are under construction here as part of the Danish capital’s efforts to become carbon-neutral by 2025. Are they as good as they sound? These days it is hard to find a big city that doesn’t make grandiose claims to encourage cycling, and harder still to find one that fulfills them. Redesigning congested traffic systems to add hike lanes to overcrowded roads is fiendishly difficult, especially in historic cities with narrow cobbled streets like Copenhagen. But as its cycling program sounds so ambitious, I went there to try it.

Maybe I’d be less cynical if I lived in Amsterdam, Cologne or any other city with decent cycling facilities. But as a Londoner, I’ve learned the hard way to be suspicious whenever politicians promise to do anything bike-friendly. London’s mayor, Boris Johnscoff, is a keen cyclist, who issues policy papers with auspicious titles like “Cycling Revolution” and has continued his predecessor’s biking program by introducing a cycle-rental project and building new bike lanes.

So far, so good. You may think, unless you have braved the potholes, parked trucks and construction debris that obstruct those lanes, many of which appear to have been designed by “someone who has never seen a bicycle, let alone ridden one.

Luckily for Copenhagen’s cyclists, their system has been more thoughtfully designed. The capital is a compact, reasonably flat city which is naturally bike-friendly, and even its old cycle routes are wider and better maintained than London’s. More than a third of Copenhageners already bike to work or school, mainly on short journeys of an average of 5 kilometers, or 3 miles.

The city’s traffic planners hope to encourage people to cycle for longer distances by creating the cycling equivalent of freeways, which will provide fast, direct routes of up to 22 kilometers into the center. A total of 28 highways are planned, providing 495 kilometers of dedicated bike tracks. The first one fromthe western suburb of Albertslund opened in April 2012, followed a year by the second, from Farum, northwest of the city.

What are the superhighways like? Judging by my experience of the Farum route, they’re great. Impressive though the air pumps, footrests and angled trash cans are, the biggest thrill was pedaling through the “green waves” of uninterrupted green traffic lights, which have been programmed to prioritize cyclists over cars.

It was also cheering to see bikers chatting while cycling two or three abreast in “conversation lanes.” Like most urban bikers, I usually value the practical benefits of cycling, as a speedy means of transport and convenient form. of exercise, but the Farum route made it as pleasurable as zipping along empty country lanes.

The planners hope the full network will eventually encourage a 30-percent increase in cycling among Copenhagen’s comments, which would be hugely beneficial in terms of reducing the city’s CO2 emissions and health care costs.

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第7題

Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itsel

f to Picasso.

In a class at the company’s internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Dull to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.

Steven P. Jobs established the Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple’s business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.

Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers of “Communicating at Apple.” This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.

In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of The Bull, a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull.

“You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do,” recalled one person who took the course.

In “What Makes Apple, Apple,” another course that Mr. Nelson occasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote control has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said, Mr. Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote control, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.

How did Apple’s designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea. Mr. Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed — a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.

The Google TV remote control serves as a counterexample. It had so many buttons, Mr. Nelson said, because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted.

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第8題

能源安全同世界經濟的穩定發展和各國人民的福祉息息相關。在當前國際金融危機背景下,維護全球能源

安全對有效應對國際金融危機沖擊、推動世界經濟全面復蘇和長遠發展具有重要意義。

國際社會應樹立互利合作、多元發展、協同保障的新能源安全觀,共同穩定能源等大宗商品價格、防止過度投機和炒作,保障各國特別是發展中國家能源需求,維護能源市場正常秩序。同時,各國應改善能源結構,加強先進能源技術的研發和推廣,大力發展清潔和可再生能源,在相關領域積極開展國際合作。

中國政府高度重視能源和能源安全問題。在解決中國的能源問題上,始終堅持節約優先、立足國內、多元發展、保護環境的原則,加強國際互利合作,大力改善和調整能源結構,努力構筑穩定、經濟、清潔、安全的能源供應體系。中國愿與世界各國一道共同努力,建立起能源合作長效機制,為保障全球能源安全、應對氣候變化做出應有的貢獻。

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第9題

沖突對抗,是構建中美新型大國關系的必要前提。有研究顯示,歷史上大約有過15次新興大國的崛起,其中

有11次與既有大國之間發生了對抗和戰爭。但現在的世界已今非昔比,中美之間乃至全球各國之間已是日趨緊密的利益共同體,對抗將是雙輸,戰爭沒有出路。不沖突、不對抗的宣示,就是要順應全球化潮流,改變對中美關系的負面預期,解決兩國之間的戰略互不信,構建對中美關系前景的正面信心。

相互尊重,是構建中美新型大國關系的基本原則。世界是多樣的,中美作為兩個社會制度不同、歷史文化背景各異,同時又利益相互交織的大國,相互尊重就顯得尤為重要。我們只有相互尊重對方人民選擇的制度與道路,相互尊重彼此的核心利益與關切,才能求同存異,進而聚同化異,實現兩國的和諧相處。

合作共贏,是中美構建新型大國關系的必由之路。中美雙方在雙邊關系各領域都有著廣泛合作需求和巨大合作潛力。此外,作為兩個大國,環顧當今世界,從反恐到網絡安全,從核不擴散到氣候變化,從中東和平到非洲發展,也都離不開中美兩國的共同參與、合作和貢獻。

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第10題

中華民族歷經磨難,自強不息,從未放棄對美好夢想的向往和追求。實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢是近

代以來中華民族的夙愿。

在新的歷史時期,中國夢的本質是國家富強、民族振興、人民幸福。我們的奮斗目標是,到2020年國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入在2010年基礎上翻一番,全面建成小康社會。到本世紀中葉,建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家,實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢。

實現中國夢,必須堅持中國特色社會主義道路。我們已經在這條道路上走了30多年,歷史證明,這是一條符合中國國情、富民強國的正確道路,我們將堅定不移地沿著這條道路走下去。

實現中國夢,必須弘揚中國精神。用以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神振奮起全民族的“精氣神”。

實現中國夢,必須凝聚中國力量。空談誤國,實干興邦。我們要用13億中國人的智慧和力量,一代又一代中國人不懈努力,把我們的國家建設好,把我們的民族發展好。

實現中國夢,必須堅持和平發展。我們將始終不渝走和平發展道路,始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰略,不僅致力于中國自身發展,也強調對世界的責任和貢獻;不僅造福中國人民,而且造福世界人民。實現中國夢給世界帶來的是和平,不是動蕩;是機遇,不是威脅。

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